How drilling works, timelines, and what happens after you invest
green river formation oil
The Green River Formation in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming contains enormous amounts of oil shale - rock that contains organic material that could theoretically be turned into oil if you heat it to extremely high temperatures. While the to...
haynesville shale
The Haynesville Shale is a massive underground layer of rock in East Texas and Louisiana that is packed with natural gas. Think of it as a giant sponge soaked in gas sitting two miles underground. Energy companies drill horizontal wells ...
frac stack permian west texas haynesville louisiana south texas
Think of a frac stack as a heavy-duty pressure valve system bolted onto the top of a well after it has been drilled. Before a well can produce oil or gas, the rock formation deep underground has to be cracked open - that is what hydrauli...
oriskany sandstone depositional environment
Think of the Oriskany Sandstone as a very old beach - about 400 million years old. Back then, waves and currents washed sand grains into neat, uniform layers along an ancient shoreline. Over millions of years, those sand layers got burie...
oriskany sandstone thickness west virginia
Think of the Oriskany Sandstone like a layer of rock that holds natural gas the way a sponge holds water. In West Virginia, that layer is thicker in some places and almost nonexistent in others. In the eastern part of the state, near the...
drilling into limestone formations for exploration
Limestone is a type of rock that can trap oil and natural gas in its natural pores and cracks, kind of like a sponge holding liquid. When an oil company drills into limestone to look for hydrocarbons, they are doing what is called carbon...
cotton valley drilling
Cotton Valley is an older, shallower natural gas formation in East Texas and Louisiana that has been drilled since the 1970s. It costs less to drill a Cotton Valley well, but those wells also produce less gas than the deeper Haynesville ...
buda limestone oil and gas
The Buda Limestone is an oil-producing rock formation found mostly in South and West Texas. Think of it as a dense, ancient limestone layer that got cooked underground over millions of years until the organic material inside turned into ...
buda limestone formation
The Buda Limestone is a layer of ancient rock sitting deep beneath parts of Texas that formed from compressed sea-floor sediment about 100 million years ago. Think of it as a dense, rocky sponge that can hold oil and natural gas in tiny ...
invest in oil exploration
Yes — private investors can fund oil exploration by buying a working interest in an exploratory drilling program. But understand the ladder: a true exploration well ("wildcat") tests ground nobody has proven, and most wildcats historical...
oil and gas pre-tax or post-tax
Unlike most investments that use after-tax dollars, oil and gas working interests use pre-tax dollars through immediate tax deductions. This means the IRS effectively subsidizes your investment through tax savings. If you're in a 40% tax...
oil well stops producing
When an oil well stops producing (or production drops to uneconomic levels), you have several options depending on the well's condition and your ownership structure. Common scenarios include: workover operations to restore product...
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